Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Restorative Justice And The Justice System - 1044 Words

Restorative justice has can be seen to have multiple definitions among the most used are: A) a theory of justice that focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior and B) an approach of justice that aims to satisfy the needs of the victims and offenders, as well as the entire community. The most broadly accepted definition of restorative justice, however, is a process where all the parties that have equal power in a specific offense and collectively come to a solution on how to deal with the proper punishment. This process is largely focused on the participation of victim and offender in aims to provide a healing opportunity. That is to say, it is not a victim-centered approach to criminal justice but also criminal-centered,†¦show more content†¦Though William R. Wood writes in Why Restorative Justice Will Not Reduce Incarceration the practice of restorative justice has been proven very successful for minor offenses among adults and youth in bringing together the offenders, victims, and the community. However, acts of violence and serious offenses com mitted by youths have no place in these resolutions. The act of violence still proves to be highly traumatizing for victims. The high chance of re-conviction of a violent offense and these types of offenses are too complicated to be resolved outside of the judicial system. â€Å"In the United States, Lane et al. looked at the South Oxnard Challenge Project (SOCP), a program for youth offenders that included significant services for youth, as well as a RJ [restorative justice] component in the form of apologies and/or meetings with victims†(Wood). The ideal method behind the restorative justice process is that criminal behavior would be able to be reduced by decreasing the expected impact of criminal activity. Restorative justice is centered in the interest of the victim, the public, and the community. The offender is just to be made aware of their moral wrongdoing and have it be known that their actions will no longer be tolerated. Deterrence is not from legal sanctions, but rather from the negative consequences where the criminal behavior is heightened as a wicked act and therefore the offender becomes shamed. RestorativeShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice : The Justice System1993 Words   |  8 Pages Restorative Justice in the Criminal Justice System Nathan Tabita Columbia College Abstract Throughout this paper, various articles will be discussed in further detail on the issue of restorative justice within the criminal justice system in the United States. Both benefits and disadvantages of restorative justice will be analyzed, in order to have a greater understanding of the alternative justice program, and to remove any preconceived ideas unsubstantiated by facts. FocusRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System1931 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is a comparative newcomer to the world of criminal justice; however restorative justice has been around, ‘officially’- by means of legislation for 14 years, and unofficially (in innovative practice), for longer. The knowledge and skills associated with restorative justice have slowly but surely migrated to other services, such as education, with startling results (Daniels, 2013). With the criminal justice system being so unfair and bias for years maybe even centuriesRead MoreRestorative Justice And Justice System2338 Words   |  10 Pages Restorative justice has some key restorative values that are vital in the restorative justice conference to make the experience ‘restorative’. Concerning addressing victim needs and concerns means for listening, respecting, being non-judgmental, not blaming the victim and apologizing. The RJ system was bought as an alternative to the criminal justice system to give greater emphasis on victim rights and needs, offender accountability and community involvement. Throughout the essay, there will beRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Justice System1905 Words   |  8 Pagestwo forms of justice that the American society has come to know today. One is the traditional justice system and the other is restorative justice. The first half of this paper will provide an overview of how justice is achieved using the traditional due process system of our criminal justice system. Specifically, I will assess each step of due process, pointing out the possible outcomes of how justice is traditionally attained. I will also provide several examples of how the system has successfullyRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Justice System2505 Words   |  11 PagesRESTORATIVE JUSTICE A DEFINITION The Oxford Dictionary defines the word restorative as having the ability to restore (i.e. repair, renovate or reinstate) health, strength or a feeling of well-being. Also, it defines the word justice as the administration of the law or authority in maintaining just behaviour or treatment. Thus, in lay man’s terms restorative justice would mean having the ability to reinstate a feeling of well-being by the administration of the law. Although there is an increasedRead MoreRestorative And Restorative Justice System3870 Words   |  16 PagesRestorative verses Retributive Justice Approaches in Context Background The criminal justice system is a set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties on those who violate laws. Different jurisdictions have diverse laws, agencies, and ways of managing criminal justice processes. In recent years, it has been debated that the criminal justice system has two primary and possibility conflicting perspectives known as the retributive justice approachRead MoreRestorative Justice : The Criminal Justice System987 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus is on repairingRead MoreRestorative Justice And The Criminal Justice System2380 Words   |  10 PagesTo What Extent Should Restorative Justice be incorporated within the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales? (2500 words) This essay will look into the notion of restorative justice and its relationship with the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Furthermore, it will also seek to show the extent of the relationship that the two hold. I believe that although some academics have provided research on the potential benefits regarding young offenders (Katz, 2000), there are still fundamentalRead MoreRestorative Justice Is A System Of Criminal Justice1948 Words   |  8 PagesRestorative justice is a system of criminal justice that focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with victims and the community at large. Understanding the definition may be really hard to understand, however when we put it in a different form that many can understand it comes down to repair, encounter and transformation. Our book describes restorative justice in three parts as accountability, community protection and competency development (Sieh, 2006). AccountabilityRead MoreRestorative Justice vs. the Criminal Justice System965 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Restorative justice is a humanistic way of addressing the gap that exists between constructive resolution of crime and the institutional systems devised by societies to address crime and manage criminals. The tack that restorative justice takes is to ameliorate the impact of crime on victims and other individuals, and to establish a responsive model of crime prevention and response to criminal incidents. Conventional criminal justice relies on the threat of punishment in order to

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Report on Annual Report of Woolworths for Financial- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theReport on Annual Report of Woolworths for Financial. Answer: To whom the report is disseminated and how it is done The Woolworths group publishes their annual report describing their financial statement and market position. The annual report shows and demonstrated the comprehensive representation of the activities and operations followed by Woolworths throughout the financial year of 2017. The annual report for the Woolworths Company develops their annual report for their potential shareholders, publics, customers and other interested parties for showcasing the financial and other activities of the company. The annual report for the Woolworths is developed while evaluating and obtaining the stories and information of the Woolworth and its success activities. In addition to that, the annual report is prepared while highlighting the successes as well as the highlights of the financial year of 2017. Furthermore, the annual report is prepared by illustrating the story of the Woolworths through the application of human experience for achieving the organizational and financial goal. The financial notes and statements of the Woolworths are the significant contents highlighting the performance of the company. Apart from that, the annual report of Woolworths is accompanies by detailed analysis and discussion by the chairman and managing director of Woolworths. People Need the Information Contained In Annual Report The annual reports are developed mainly for the internal and external shareholders associated with the Woolworths Company. The potential shareholder uses and analyzes the financial statement published by Woolworths for evaluating their investment on equity. With the use of this information, the shareholders make strategic and information decision for taking further decision on corporate matters. The evaluation of the data found on the annual report allows the shareholder to glean the sensitive and meaningful information based on the financial statement. The stock information and profitability ratio found on the annual report for evaluating their invested equity. The various information that are actively utilized for gaining strategic information includes price ratio, efficiency ratio, debt ratio, liquidity ratio and profitability ratio of Woolworths for the financial year of 2017. The market analyst and investor of Woolworths used the equity information for measuring the indicator fo r measuring the potential growth and financial position. Financial Information Offered In the Report The financial information of Woolworths annual report 2017 contains the statement of profit and loss and comparison has been made based on the information of 2016 annual report. The consolidated statement showed the gross profit, expense of income tax, profit of the equity holders and earnings per share for the company. Moreover, the financial information included the financial profits obtained from the New Zealand and Australian food and drinks operations. The information about the company earnings before and after the tax and interest are highlighted in the annual report. The annual report of 2017 demonstrates that the total operating revenue generated for the 2017 was $55,668.6 million and the gross profit was accounted to $15,928.9 million. Furthermore, the total income obtained from the continuing operations during the last financial year was observed to be $ 1,480.0 million. In addition to that, total group profit obtained from the shareholders was $1,534 million for 2017 while accounting for $55 million of total sales. Contents of the Report The annual report of Woolworths 2017 contains the performance highlight for the year while highlighting the five key priorities including customer and store-led culture and team, generating sustainable performance in food, evolving our drink business, Empowering our portfolio businesses and Becoming a lean retailer through end-to-end process and systems excellence. In addition to that, the report covers the business review of Woolworths from Australian food to New Zealand food and plans for capital management along with the roll out of new stores. The second important section of the report is the directors report covering the skills, experience and activities of the executive committee and board of directors. The financial report includes a significant section of the annual report highlighting the revenue generated and annual profit. Apart from that, the report also includes a brief financial summary of last five years, cash flow, balance sheet and comparative analysis of the financi al strength and value of the shareholders. Financial Summaries for Information about the Fiscal Condition of the Company For the fiscal year of 2017, the total operating revenue generated was $55,668.6 million which was larger than the total revenue generated on 2016. Woolworths has witnessed $1,593.4 million profit when considering the last years 2,347.9 million loss for 2016. The total earning observed before tax and interest from continuous operations were observed to be $ 2,326 million accounting for 4.9% less than 2016. In addition to that, it has been identified that the operating activities followed by Woolworths has yielded new cash of $3,1 billion which is 32.4% more than the amount yield in 2016. Recommendations Made Based on the information provided in the annual report, Woolworths have made various commitments through their activities and business in the next few years. Earlier the year, 2017, Woolworths have launched new Corporate Responsibility Strategy for 2020. Woolworths have focused on supporting the indigenous people of Australia by encouraging diversity with the help of more than 150 programs that will be conducted in 328 stores. Further, it has been planned to focus the activities towards zero wastage of food. Moreover, with the Governments initiative to make origin labeling, Woolworths became the first for introducing their own brand products for founding trust relation with the customers. Compare Two Annual Report The annual report of Woolworth 2016, has been obtained and various comparison has been made with the 2017 annual report. The annual report of 2016 did not included the commitment of Woolworths for 2020 in order to provide sustainable development. From the information gained and provided o annual report 2016, Woolworths has identified five significant priorities that needs to be worked on. On annual report 2017, Woolworths has provided their progress on achieving their key priorities for achieving success. Comparing the two financial report of Woolworths, it has been identified that the for the fiscal year 2017, the total profitability has made significant progress. Bibliography Woolworths Group (2016).Annual Report 2016. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/185865_annual-report-2016.pdf [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017]. Woolworths Group (2017).2017 Annual Report. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthsgroup.com.au/icms_docs/188795_annual-report-2017.pdf [Accessed 27 Oct. 2017].

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Letter Essays - 9, , Term Papers, Research Papers

Letter October 16, 2000 Mrs. Jensen 319 Bibb Graves Jacksonville, AL 362265 Dear Mrs. Jensen I attended Rome High School of Rome, Ga. Rome High School is about forty-five minutes from Jacksonville. Just head towards Piedmont, Al and then drive straight to Cedartown, Ga. The road signs will lead you there. My major is going to be Criminal Justice. I look forward to becoming a K-9 police officer. I chose JSU because I had a pole-vaulting contract and I also want to be on the number one drum line of the nation. I haven't started either yet so I assume you could just call me another broke student running around having fun. There are many things I like about JSU. There are defiantly plenty of parties, not that I go or anything. Mainly I like the band. The band is the main reason that I came. At my high school I was a drummer. My high school band practically lives at JSU. JSU has the number one drum line in the nation, so from a drummer's perspective where better to march for. The other reason I came to JSU you is to be close enough to home so I can go see my girlfriend every weekend. I really like this campus, everyone is very friendly and it isn't hard to find all of your classes. There isn't really any thing I don't like about JSU. It is a great college. I guess if I had to say there was something I would like, it would be the classes. College should just be a place that you go and live and hangout with people for a year. That way classes could be optional. Things I like and dislike about computers: ? I love using the Internet. ? I dislike slow computers. ? I dislike when you can't load something. ? I dislike not understanding why a computer does something. ? I like using computers to type (my handwriting is awful) ? I don't like loosing programs or papers ? And on Gateway computers I like the Go Back Program I like you class very much but I don't feel like I need to be there for anything except for the tests and when you give out homework assignments. I missed a few of you classes last week and I want to apologize. My car had broken down when I was at home so I was stranded for three days. Sincerely, Nick Steketee

Friday, March 13, 2020

Free Essays on The Athanor

The Athanor Athanor was a large furnace used by alchemists who transmuted lead...into gold, as history states, "the fire which the alchemist tames is...not one of destruction but of purification." The nazis used this and in their minds it was for purification as well, but everyone else seen it as horrifying destruction. Anselm Kiefer created this painting in between the 1970’s and 1980’s. He himself a German, demonstrates the darkness of the holocaust in this piece of art. The Painting shows a hall that leads to a furnace door. The painting uses a good form of visual perspective. The vertical lines of the flooring tile lead you to the door, where as the horizontal lines drift you off to the sides some but not completely. The contrast of light and dark colors help with the continuation of this perspective as well. The lighter grays and other colors are up in the front of the painting, where as, the further back the painting goes the darker and darker it gets. The dark colors of gray, blacks and browns in this painting fully express the dismal tone the artist is trying to portray. There are burn marks toward the ceiling of the painting, an illustration that the fires that burnt then still leaves a mark today. Over the doorway of the furnace, it shows the word â€Å"athanor† blackened and faded, displaying a symbolic approach to the concept that what was is no more. In addition, the Athanor is painted with somewhat of an impasto, thus creating a t extured look throughout the painting creating an even more real look. Overall, Anselm Kiefer and his work on the Athanor created great visual imagery, eliciting deep poignant feelings upon its audience using an association of the holocaust, rather than elaborate gruesome depictions of it. It remains a very profound piece of art today, not only for its composition, but also for its idea and how it expresses it.... Free Essays on The Athanor Free Essays on The Athanor The Athanor Athanor was a large furnace used by alchemists who transmuted lead...into gold, as history states, "the fire which the alchemist tames is...not one of destruction but of purification." The nazis used this and in their minds it was for purification as well, but everyone else seen it as horrifying destruction. Anselm Kiefer created this painting in between the 1970’s and 1980’s. He himself a German, demonstrates the darkness of the holocaust in this piece of art. The Painting shows a hall that leads to a furnace door. The painting uses a good form of visual perspective. The vertical lines of the flooring tile lead you to the door, where as the horizontal lines drift you off to the sides some but not completely. The contrast of light and dark colors help with the continuation of this perspective as well. The lighter grays and other colors are up in the front of the painting, where as, the further back the painting goes the darker and darker it gets. The dark colors of gray, blacks and browns in this painting fully express the dismal tone the artist is trying to portray. There are burn marks toward the ceiling of the painting, an illustration that the fires that burnt then still leaves a mark today. Over the doorway of the furnace, it shows the word â€Å"athanor† blackened and faded, displaying a symbolic approach to the concept that what was is no more. In addition, the Athanor is painted with somewhat of an impasto, thus creating a t extured look throughout the painting creating an even more real look. Overall, Anselm Kiefer and his work on the Athanor created great visual imagery, eliciting deep poignant feelings upon its audience using an association of the holocaust, rather than elaborate gruesome depictions of it. It remains a very profound piece of art today, not only for its composition, but also for its idea and how it expresses it....

Tuesday, February 25, 2020

Marketing communications plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing communications plan - Essay Example This paper includes the analysis of the market situation, marketing and communications objectives, recommended strategy, targeting/segmentation issues, tactics and actions plans, and people resources implications; lastly, is the deployment of the budget and rationale, the critical path of the plan activities and a crucial part of monitoring and measurement activities. The digital audio device market constitutes an annual growth rate of 25% in the hi-fi product market. â€Å"Portable digital audio devices...are becoming very popular with young people, with a projected worldwide market size of 20 million units by 2005† (Mourjopoulos, 2005, p.303). Blackberry maker Research in Motion (RIM) is the chosen based company that will enter the hi-fi audio market. In terms of market gap, Blackberry is stable and one of the fastest growing companies in the consumer electronics market. In the recent Smartphone market shares survey, Blackberry is in the second place with a market share of 17.8% (What hi-fi? Sounds and Vision, 2010). In the worldwide mobile phone market, Blackberry is at the fourth place with a 100 millionth shipped device. There are many predictions that Blackberry will be left behind by its competitors because â€Å"RIM services are pretty left behind with less attractiveness as well as loyalty from both developers and customers† (TMart Es, 2010). Because competition is very tight, Blackberry is now in total market share protection mode just like by making some of its product inexpensive (Dunewood, 2010). With this kind of performance, rest assured that it would not be difficult for RIM to introduce the new range of hi-fi audio products under Blackberry’s brand name. Blackberry’s usual target market is the business professionals and high income executives; however, the younger age groups will be added as the new target consumer group for hi-fi equipments. The range will be targeting the young generation because these

Sunday, February 9, 2020

Provided in the Doc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Provided in the Doc - Research Paper Example etic technology because it has a lot of drawbacks such as; hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, or death and significant number of the operation to replace the cancer cells without using this technology face failure. Chemotherapy is the principal cancer treatment modality which has decreased cancer mortality rate over the years. Chemotherapy causes setbacks such as nausea, diarrhea, and hair loss. Nanomagnetic technology is a scientific advancement in biomedical engineering that offers a safer alternative to chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was unspecific in its action thereby had the risk of damaging healthy cells. Cases where nanomagentic technology was used, recorded fewer risks. Biomedical engineering should, therefore, be recommended as a safer alternative to chemotherapy as a cancer treatment modality According to the worldwide cancer statistics, 14.1 million people were diagnosed with cancer up to the year 2012. Out of these cases, 8.2 million mortality was reported. The United States alone reports more than 5000 cancer incidences every year. Out of this cases 137 occurred among children aged under the age of fourteen years and 59 were leukemia cases (Robert, 2013). Leukemia is an infectious disease where blood-forming organs like the bone marrow produce a large number of leucocytes, suppressing the production of normal blood cells. Nanomagnetic technology is the use of soft magnetic cores with high resistivity for diagnosis (Schulz, 2009). What drawbacks do cancer cells have, and how biomedical engineering helps to treat these drawbacks? Chemotherapy should be replaced by nanomagnetic technology because it has a lot of drawbacks such as; hair loss, nausea, diarrhea, or death and significant number of the operation to replace the cancer cells without using this technology face failure. The replacement of chemotherapy with nanomagnetic technology will reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. The study will use books and articles as the sources of information. The

Thursday, January 30, 2020

Economic and Social Development in Post-Independence Jamaica and Barbados Essay Example for Free

Economic and Social Development in Post-Independence Jamaica and Barbados Essay Jamaica and Barbados have socially and economically advanced since their independences. Each country has been able to economically sustain itself without the assistance of Britain, which used to govern the two as territories. But despite the two countries’ self-regulation and reliance, both of the nations are quite poor, and are considered third world countries. Jamaican and Barbadian History Both of the two nations were originally colonized by Great Britain (after being discovered by the Spanish) under the mercantilism policy, which encouraged European colonization of other areas. This was because the policy showed that a nation’s prosperity could be determined by its adequacy in trade, and exports were far more valuable than imports under the policy. So European nations that could not produce particular products on their own would colonize other areas that could, so they could use the goods, and export them to other nations that did not have the means to acquire those particular goods on their own. So many of the Caribbean islands that Britain colonized were exploited because of their warm climates, which allowed them to grow certain crops, such as sugar. This crop was one of the main reasons that Britain had colonized such territories as Jamaica and Barbados. Jamaica’s Independence and its Economic Enterprises Thereafter It was in 1962 that the United Kingdom’s parliament granted Jamaica its independence, after which the nation ceased to be regulated by its European founder. After its independence, the Jamaican government arose, and began sponsoring employment opportunities, though many jobs arose in the private sector. Sugar and bananas were the original crops grown in Jamaica, and exported to locations worldwide, and the cultivation of these crops serves as a major source of employment on the island. The nation’s tropical climate makes it a suitable location for the growing of these crops, which cannot be grown in the United States or Europe, so some of the sugar and bananas in those areas come from Jamaica. Jamaican Exports and Recent Economic Problems Jamaica also has a natural supply of bauxite, which is a source of aluminum ore, and is therefore a valuable product, which employs many people as miners. But recently, the economic status of the island has been declining. Periods of unfavorable weather have led to a sharp decrease in the production of sugar cane and bananas over the last decade, and inflation has been plaguing the island. The recent lack of favorable agricultural activity has been so extreme that the nation has been forced to import products that, if conditions were better, Jamaica could produce itself. But lately, coffee has been another profitable crop that can be grown around the island’s blue mountains area, when sugar and bananas cannot, and it serves as a primary export, and source of national income. Other Industries in Jamaica Jamaica also has an industry concerned with the rearing of domestic animals, and a dairy industry. But that has also been declining, and the nation has actually been importing milk, butter, and cheese from elsewhere. Other smaller cash crops of the island include citrus fruits, such as oranges, and cocoa, but the industries concerned with those crops are considerably smaller than that of the sugar sector. Mining employs a small number of citizens, as does fishing, and foresting, as loggers are able to export lumber to countries that do not have access to the same tropical woods. Also in Jamaica is the manufacturing industry, which usually accounts for just under 20% of the nation’s GDP annually. Tourism has also proved to be a profitable market for the nation, and it serves as a social and economic boost for the nation, but since the turn of the century, tourism has been slower in Jamaica. Barbados’ Independence and Its Trade History Barbados achieved its independence from the United Kingdom in 1966, after which the nation began governing and regulating itself. Since that time, sugar cane has proved to be the greatest contribution to the nation’s employment, and it serves as Barbados’ most significant export. In 1961, five years before the country’s independence from great Britain, Barbados opened the Deep Water Harbour port, located in Bridgetown, which serves as the nation’s main port, and allows large container ships and freighters to export sugar and manufactured products Barbados’ Manufacturing Sector Although sugar was for some time the main source of income for the nation, recently, manufacturing and tourism has been increasing in Barbados. The manufacturing sector began in the 1980s, and continued to be a profitable investment in the country into the 1990s, as certain companies exploited the nation’s cheap labor to save money on manufacturing in the United States and Europe. The United States has proved to be the main trade partner of Barbados, which also relies on certain imports from the United States. â€Å"The United States remained Barbados leading trade partner in 1987 with transactions valued at $189 million ($128 million in U. S. exports and $61 million in U.  S. imports),† an article for Business America, entitled Barbados: economy relies on U. S. for products, investment Business Outlook Abroad reported of the trade status in 1988. â€Å"Moreover, Barbados continued to welcome American investment in virtually all sectors of the economy. In addition to direct investors, in recent years Barbados has attracted a sizable number of American captive insurers, international business companies, and foreign sales corporations largely through a bilateral double taxation agreement. This means that at an earlier time, the economy of the nation was stabilized by foreign investments, and exports that served to preserve trade relations between the United States and Barbados. Trade Alliances and Foreign Investments And with Barbados’ good terms with the United States came the tourism industry. American, Canadian, and European tourists provide the nation with a stable tourism industry that serves as a main source of income on the nation. Foreign interests in the nation that led to the tourism industry was somewhat of an atypical event for a Caribbean country, as most nations in the area have not been able to capitalize on the industry, or attract foreign investors in its markets as Barbados did. Major tourism projects, such as resorts and cruise adventures continue to benefit the nation’s tourism industry, and satisfied tourists keep the industry alive. Federal and Private Programs in Barbados Recently, government-regulated ventures in the nation have been turning into privatized corporations. The government of the nation is not satisfied with the high unemployment rate, so it is trying to encourage small businesses to form, and stabilize themselves, because this should lead to the creation of jobs. But lately, nationally sponsored programs such as offshore banking enterprises, and foreign exchange moderation by Barbados have proved to be effective ways of earning the nation capital. Most manufacturing and sugar cane production, however, is done in the private sector, and is not federally regulated. This allows small businesses and farmers to have steady employment, and the steady production of crops allows the nation to not only export the crops, but use them itself, which decreases Barbados’ reliance on imports from other nations. Both Jamaica and Barbados have been able to maintain themselves to some degree, economically and socially since their independences from Britain. The development of Jamaica, however, was much more typical for a West Indian nation than was the development of Barbados, because Jamaica was not able to draw foreign investors and establish particularly coordinated trade patterns like Barbados was. In this aspect, Barbados was much more successful than were most West Indian nations, as it was able to maintain exports even when economic times were difficult. The Jamaican economy has been experiencing more problems than that of Barbados, and inflation in Jamaica is causing serious problems. Barbados, however, unlike most Caribbean nations, has been able to rebound, and it has a very high rate of tourism, which provides the nation with a steady rate of foreign income.