Shiloh by Bobbie Ann Mason Essay -- Shiloh Bobbie Ann Mason Essays

Shiloh by Bobbie Ann MasonCharacter SketchIn Bobbie Ann Masons story Shiloh she presents the character of Norma Jeanas having a strong personality but an conceitedness deep within. Norma Jean is presented asa strong character on the outside in the opening of the story. She lifts three-pounddumbbells to warm-up, the progresses to a twenty-pound barbell.(Mason p. 46). However as the story progresses she exhibits the emptiness which she feels. One dayLeroy arrives position from a drive and finds Norma Jean in tears. (Mason p. 50). NormaJean feels an emptiness toward her deceased child, her husband, and also her mother. Her emptiness toward her husband may be seen in the way she interacts with him. Shefeels rattling uncomfortable when she is around him. Norma Jean is always trying to findsomething for him to do. When he arrived back home Mason states the she seems alittle disappointed. (Mason p. 47). The emptiness she feels toward her mother ispresented in the feelings she has toward her. Her deceased son symbolizes her emptinessbecause of his death. In the beginning of the story Norma Jean tries to conceal the emptiness that shehas felt for so many years. Mason first presents her as a strong character by explaininghow she works out and would like to become stronger. She may become strongerphysically, but nothing can overcome the emptiness which she feels. Norma Jean tries tohelp her husband get a job, and she gives him a variety...

The Theme of Self Esteem in Othello Essay -- Essays Papers

The Theme of Self rate in Othello For the theater-going people of the Elizabethan age, there were many hardships. Many of them go through poor alimentation conditions and treatment. All of them faced the dangers of a comparatively underdeveloped medical knowledge which often left the young and elderly to die of commonplace diseases. The magic of Shakespeare is non only that historians can learn of otherwise undocumented details of the 1500s, but also that all readers can discover the many similarities amid Shakespeares day and now. These similarities house heavily not only in speech, but also the human condition. When compared with the people we know today, Shakespeares guinea pigs exhibit only skin-deep differences. around identical style expressions may owe their modern existance to Shakespeares presence in literary education, but identical aroused reactions surely cannot stem solely from the put forward hall. The English inhabitants of the sixteenth century, as seen th rough William Shakespeares eyes, experienced the same love, hate, and jealousy that we do today. Just as our modern films and music often involve implied clean lessons, so in any case does Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice. All its primary characters and themes of unstable love and exploitation culminate into one simple message about the central importance of engaging oneself. Iago, the villian of the tale, is responsible for initiating most of the turbulence found in the plot. Essentially, Iago chooses two insecure individuals on which to work his exploitation Roderigo and Othello. Othello, arguably the main character of the play, is Iagos primary pawn. Roderigo becomes a secondary card in Iagos deck, as well as his source of money. Blinded by his lo... ...ny sort of hardships such as financial difficulties or emotional manipulation just like that exercised against Othello and Desdemona. Even today, similar messages about self empowerment are widely seen in popular novels, films, and picture programs. Contemporary examples include Harry Potter, 28 Days, Sesame Street, and many others. One can almost imagine an unwealthy villager emerging from lengthy check mark in a packed theatre making a firm resolve to finally regain the strength to sever ties to an untrustworthy and treacherous acquaintance. workings CitedMyers, David G. Psychology, 6th Edition. Holland, bread Worth Publishers, 2001. Dolezal, Timothy William. Moor Impotency Othellos Powerlessness in Sexual and Social Relationships. 14 Dec. 1998. University of Notre Dame. 23 June 2003 <http//www.nd.edu/frswrite/mcpartlin/1999/Dolezal.shtml. The Theme of Self Esteem in Othello Essay -- Essays PapersThe Theme of Self Esteem in Othello For the theater-going people of the Elizabethan age, there were many hardships. Many of them experienced poor living conditions and treatment. All of them faced the dangers of a comparatively underdeveloped medical knowledge whic h often left the young and elderly to die of common diseases. The magic of Shakespeare is not only that historians can learn of otherwise undocumented details of the 1500s, but also that all readers can discover the many similarities between Shakespeares day and now. These similarities reside heavily not only in speech, but also the human condition. When compared with the people we know today, Shakespeares characters exhibit only skin-deep differences. Some identical language expressions may owe their modern existance to Shakespeares presence in literary education, but identical emotional reactions surely cannot stem solely from the lecture hall. The English inhabitants of the 16th century, as seen through William Shakespeares eyes, experienced the same love, hate, and jealousy that we do today. Just as our modern films and music often include implied moral lessons, so too does Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice. All its primary characters and themes of unstable love and exploitation culminate into one simple message about the key importance of loving oneself. Iago, the villian of the tale, is responsible for initiating most of the turbulence found in the plot. Essentially, Iago chooses two insecure individuals on which to work his exploitation Roderigo and Othello. Othello, arguably the main character of the play, is Iagos primary pawn. Roderigo becomes a secondary card in Iagos deck, as well as his source of money. Blinded by his lo... ...ny sort of hardships such as financial difficulties or emotional manipulation just like that exercised against Othello and Desdemona. Even today, similar messages about self empowerment are widely seen in popular novels, films, and television programs. Contemporary examples include Harry Potter, 28 Days, Sesame Street, and many others. One can almost imagine an unwealthy villager emerging from lengthy stay in a packed theatre making a firm resolve to finally regain the strength to sever ties to an untru stworthy and treacherous acquaintance.Works CitedMyers, David G. Psychology, 6th Edition. Holland, Michigan Worth Publishers, 2001. Dolezal, Timothy William. Moor Impotency Othellos Powerlessness in Sexual and Social Relationships. 14 Dec. 1998. University of Notre Dame. 23 June 2003 <http//www.nd.edu/frswrite/mcpartlin/1999/Dolezal.shtml.

Designing A Degree Essays -- Higher Education

A college major is one of the most crucial and influential decisions a person will make in his or her lifetime. This important choice has the power to determine what a person will do for the rest of their life. Students crossways the country are challenged by this task each and every year because they are not able to find a path of study that is harmonious with their ideal career and favorable interests. Traditional majors are known for providing broad educations and producing well-rounded students that are ready and able to work in assorted jobs. However, today it is challenging to break into the work force. Students with more specific studies are finding greater success in their job search after college. For this reason, secern studies programs have exploded across the country. Individualized studies are a create-your-own-major approach to education. These programs allow students to design and personalize their college education by combining courses from various areas of study. Individualized-studies students allow for college with a unique major printed on their diploma. With the opportunity to create their own majors in college, students in individualized studies are receiving personalized educations and realizing their ideal jobs. Students initiation their college major choices on their interests. A study published in the College Student Journal, conducted to reveal information about students who are entering college, utilizes extensive research to make the factors that influence students college major decisions. It is based upon the assumption that making good major choices is beneficial to the students. A good major is defined as one that helps students run their post-education goals, as well as one that is compatibl... ... White River Junction, Vt. Chelsea Green Pub., 2010. 108-128. Print.Larson, Simone. Is creating your own major the best way to secure a job? . COLLEGE. USA Today, 21 Apr. 2012. Web. 8 May 2012. .Samuels, Dorry. New York UNIVER SITY. Teen Ink Nov. 2004 38. www.teenink.com. Web. 8 May 2012.SHELLENBARGER, SUE. Cant Pick a College Major? Create One - WSJ.com. Business News & fiscal News . The Wall Street Journal, 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 8 May 2012. Singletary, Michelle. Not all college majors are created equal. Business. The Washington Post, 14 Jan. 2012. Web. 8 May 2012..

Destroying Your Health By Smoking Cigarettes :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Destroying Your Health By Smoking Cigarettes     If you really want to ruin your health then smoking cigarettes is wizard ofthe best ways I know how to do it. Smoking cigarettes cause lung cancer,emphysema, and the iodine thing that most people notice right off perish is badbreath. If you are into destroying your health, I want you to follow these stepso that you can be on your way to an unhappy and unhealthy life, number one buythe cigarettes, number two smoke them, and number three this one is reallyimportant never ever quit smoking.     I have establish that most people who want to destroy themselves quickly bequeath smoke a no filtered leaf blade of cigarettes, so let say you picked out the smirch Pallmall-Reds. I understand these are one of the strongest brands ofcigarettes you can buy. Yes, there are plenty of other brands of cigarettes outthere but why bother way out threw all that money to pick the right one when youcan go throu gh my word on it? These are really strong cigarettes. How do I know,because take one out and sense of smell at it, you will notice that there is no filter onthe end of it. Due to no filter you will get none of the toxins filteredWithout filtering out some of the toxins you will destroy yourself quicker thatis the goal we are seeking, is it not? Lets take out one of our friends (we will diagnose them that to be funny) and look at it. It is about five to six inches inlength, maybe a half inch wide with little brown things that look somewhat likecoffee grounds inside a thin white paper cylinder. Smell it, a significantnumber of people actually enjoy the way tobacco products smell, but they willnot smoke them. I myself find that ominously odd.     Now smoking the cigarette is very important. If you do not smoke it youwill not reach your goal to destroy your health. So let us begin with thelighting of the cigarette. Place the cigarette in your mouth, just the tip of it. Do not bother with looking to put the filtered end in your mouth, becauseif you remember there is no filter on is brand of cigarette. After you haveplaced our friend in your mouth you will need to tilt your head. Tilting issomething most people do when lighting up," this process is what volume ofpeople do. Now when you tilt your head it really does not make a difference

Wasteful :: essays research papers

Wasteful Repetition12 stratums of our lives are spent learning the basics, 12years. Yet, after those twelve years of near continuoseducation, colleges require us to relearn what we alreadyknow, association that may be irrelevant to our chosen major.Core Curriulumn is a waste of time and money. Each year for twelve years we wake up on a day aroundAugust in assure to attend required schooling. We learnenglish, mathematics, sciences, health, and history. Schoolbecomes our lives, almost a career that lasts approximately120 months. For those 120 months we are taught the samesubjects, not a year goes by that we were not required totake an English, Math, Science, and History courses. Aftersuccessfully completing our lower learning studies andrecieving our much awaited diplomas almost two thirds of usgo on to college.1 Upon arrival at these institutions ofhigher learning we come to realize that our Basic learningis not over and we must extend our friendship of saidmaterial before we can move on to things that more directlyconcern our majors. Colleges are asking us, rather, tellingus to relearn the knowledge we, for the most part, alreadypocess. There are several things we lose when we agree to,or rather are required to retake the basics in college. roughlylikely foremost of what we lose,in students minds,espeacially in todays society, is money. We spend outrageous sums of money to attend college for4 years, individually the cost of tuition possibly rangesbetween 50,000 to 100,000.As a unit of measurement the nation spends inexcess of $175 billion each year.2 Money wasted on learningthe same material we were educated in for 12 years of ourlives. Money that m each of us do not have and if we are notfortunate enough to recieve a scholarship or any type, wemust look towards students loans. By definition a loan issomething that is lent on condition of being returned.3Zachary Karabell,author of the book Whats College For?,wrote that In the 1990s alone, the ordinary d ebt burden for a college student grew from 8,200 to 18,800. Given thatthese students, once they graduate, tend to earnbetween $20,000 and $30,000 a year, those debts areheavy, and some schools have begun efforts to limitborrowing by students. In addition to loans,three-quarters of all students work part time duringthe school yea, and more than 15 percent workfull-time.* For their money, for their investment, forthe hours they work in order to relent for their classes,these students expect to be taught something they dontalready know. They expect to learn. And at the end,

Wasteful :: essays research papers

Wasteful Repetition12 classs of our lives argon spent learning the basics, 12years. Yet, after those twelve years of adept continuoseducation, colleges require us to relearn what we alreadyknow, knowledge that may be irrelevant to our chosen major.Core Curriulumn is a waste of time and money. Each year for twelve years we wake up on a day aroundAugust in order to attend required schooling. We learnenglish, mathematics, sciences, health, and history. disciplinebecomes our lives, almost a career that lasts approximately120 months. For those 120 months we are taught the samesubjects, not a year goes by that we were not required to give in an English, Math, Science, and History courses. Aftersuccessfully completing our lower learning studies andrecieving our much awaited diplomas almost two thirds of usgo on to college.1 Upon arrival at these institutions ofhigher learning we come to realize that our Basic learningis not over and we must extend our knowledge of saidmaterial before we dejection move on to things that more directlyconcern our majors. Colleges are asking us, rather, tellingus to relearn the knowledge we, for the most part, alreadypocess. There are several things we lose when we agree to,or rather are required to retake the basics in college. Mostlikely foremost of what we lose,in students minds,espeacially in todays society, is money. We overstep outrageous sums of money to attend college for4 years, individually the cost of tuition possibly rangesbetween 50,000 to 100,000.As a whole the nation spends inexcess of $ one hundred seventy-five billion each year.2 Money wasted on learningthe same material we were educated in for 12 years of ourlives. Money that many of us do not have and if we are notfortunate enough to recieve a scholarship or any type, wemust look towards students loans. By explanation a loan issomething that is lent on condition of being returned.3Zachary Karabell,author of the book Whats College For?,wrote that In the 1990s alon e, the average debt burden for a college student grew from 8,200 to 18,800. apt(p) thatthese students, once they graduate, tend to earnbetween $20,000 and $30,000 a year, those debts areheavy, and some schools have begun efforts to limitborrowing by students. In addition to loans,three-quarters of all students drub part time duringthe school yea, and more than 15 percent workfull-time.* For their money, for their investment, forthe hours they work in order to pay for their classes,these students expect to be taught something they dontalready know. They expect to learn. And at the end,

Why is it important to know what you believe?

What do you trust about God, the Bible, and Jesus Christ BY abbey0883 It is important to spang what you swear so you groundwork make the correct decisions in life based on your personal values, and Judge the best way to solve problems in your life. It is also important to know what you take so if questioned you can intelligently address the concern. If you KNOW you can present the inquisitor with facts so they can evaluate them for themselves. My Beliefs 1 . ) I believe in God.He is the creator of all things Including me. The world and everything in it is so intricate It could not have happened by chance or evolved over billions of years. 2. ) I believe the Bible Is the word of God. I believe this because the Bible meets the needs of all mankind. If you need comfort, love, forgiveness, or faith you can find some verse or chapter to address the need. I also believe the Bible because I have accepted Jesus Into my life and have faith that that the Bible Is true. 3. ) I believe In J esus Christ.I believe In him also because of faith. Jesus died In order to forgive us of our sins. Just because I cannot see him It does not call back he Is not real. No matter what I am going through I know hes there. If I need healing I tap and believe In him. If I need guidance In making a decision I ask and trust he will gulled me. The weighty part Is to remain patient while waiting for him to show me the answers I seek. While waiting I keep praying to stay close to him. This way I do not stray and follow my own path.

Burial Rituals of Native American Culture Essay

At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our public. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial evoke withal be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people.Leslie Marmon Silkos account entitled The Man to Send Rain Clouds describes a funeral service carried step to the fore by a Native American Pueblo family. Though many perceive the funeral service narrated in this story to be lacking in emotion and also lacking respect for the passing of their loved nonpareil, it portrays a ceremony that is quite common for the Native American communities. There is also a hint of fighting occurring between the characters in the story that are carrying out their traditions while including an outside spiritual figure in the ceremony.The death of an old man sets the stage for this story and tells of the delegacy his family goes about preparing him for his journey into the afterlife. A feather is tied into the old mans hair, his verbalism was painted with blue, yellow, green and white paint, pinches of corn meal and pollen were tossed into the wind and finally his body was wrapped in a red blanket prior to being transported. According to Releasing the Spirit A Lesson in Native American Funeral Rituals by Gary F.Santillanes, Pueblo Indians care for their own dead with no funeral director involved. The family testament take the decedent, usually in their truck, back to the home of the deceased and place him or her on the floor facing east to west, on a native blanket. Depending on the deceaseds stature in the tribe, his face may be painted in the traditional nature. A powdery substance is placed on the face of all the dead usually make of corn, traditional prayers and maybe dances are completed (www. umn. du).The feather tied to his hair is a prayer feather and the painting of the face is to ensure that he will be recognized in the next world by his ancestors who have crossed over before him. The colors are representative of the earth, sky, sun and water. The scatter of corn meal and water are said to provide the dead with nourishment on their journey to the next world. The pollen is representative of the earths alternate from the rainclouds that will be sent back by the aroma of the deceased.Silko frequently refers to a red blanket that the old man is wrapped in for burial (149). The Native American people often leave a cord hanging from the blanket which wraps the body of the deceased and is thought to provide a way for the spirit to be released into the afterlife. All Native American cultures have strong beliefs in life after death, although the means of reaching the next life may vary from tribe to tribe.They traditionally cerebrate that death is a part of a natural cycle in which their spirits are transported back and off between this world and the spirit world so that they can bring renewal and new life when they return. Most consider this transition to be an repay or privilege since it will ensure the survival of their people. In Native American culture, it is believed that neglect of tribal rituals can result in death and sickness, because the spirit returns without b littleings, having been unable to enter the other world. According to Who Were The Anasazi?Published by The Bureau of Land Management, religious concepts and events were associated with seasonal tasks like farming (in spring and summer) and hunting (in stick and winter) which would be a plausible explanation for the belief that the old man could send back rain clouds and also for cultural beliefs in the spirits move to life (http//www. blm. gov/co/st/en/fo/ahc). Many tribes perform cere monies which can include elaborate and colorful tribal dances. Modern rituals sometimes allow for outsiders to come after the ceremonies.During the burial process there are also practices that are more common to what many people consider to be normal. Bodies are dressed in nice clothing and some of their possessions are often placed next to them. The Native American people prepare food to be given to the families of the dead, members of the conjunction visit to pay their respect to the deceased and at times a religious service is included. When these religious services are conducted, they are held in churches on their native land where they have their native religious beliefs with their own gods (www. umn. du). Native American religious specialists draw wisdom from inherited traditions.Priests bring rain through with(predicate) ceremony and prayer. They are thought to have a special level of communication with the spirits (www. umn. edu). The Native American culture often frowns upon outside religious rituals such as last rites being included in the ceremonies. This is thought to be partly because of the controversy surrounding the invasion of Catholics upon their land and partly because they believe that it will impair the transition into the afterlife and condemn the soul of the deceased.Pallbearers are employed to transport the bodies to the grave site, but in several tribes, no one else is allowed to touch the body or the grave. The pallbearers must eventually go through a cleansing ritual following the burial. Regardless of our cultural heritage, treating our loved ones with respect, tradition and dignity is usually our primary concern. Though we may not understand the practices of other cultures, it does not mean that methods by which burials are conducted are any less spiritual or correct.We all tend to believe in our own gods and the fact that there will be something else waiting for us when we pass from the world in which we exist. We all feel the need to make sure that our loved ones are properly prepared for their journey by whatever means our traditions dictate. The unaccompanied differences seem to be the methods in which we believe will help us make that transition. There is no doubt that family cohesion and socioeconomic status conform to an important role in the overall success of the transition but with the proper support system, even those in disadvantaged communities can make the ruff of a bad situation.

Methyl acetate uses

In many applications, Eastman methyl acetate can be an effective re placementment for acetone and other fast-evaporating solvents. Strength?assay methanol Water Acidity as acetic acid color, PCs Some common cleaning applications include universal cleaner LOW-VOCE and environmental cleaners Aerosol carburetor cleaners Paint gun cleaners Cleaners for printing inks Table 1 Sales specifications Property Eastman methyl acetate can be use alone or In easily blended formulations to optimize cleaning efficiency. Because methyl acetate is miscible with most organic aerospace, marine, and industrial.Eastman methyl acetate methyl acetate, high purity 96. 0% mint. 2. 5% Max. 1. 5% Max. 0. 15% Max. 5 Max. 99. 5% mint. 0. 10% Max. 0. 05% Max. Cleaners for industrial wipes Regulatory and VOCE-exempt status Concerns for work place safety and the environment have led to the deselecting of chlorinated solvents in many applications. In the United States, methyl acetate was added to the list of melds excluded from the definition of volatile organic compound (VOCE) on the basis that these compounds have been determined to eve negligible photochemical reactivity.Methyl acetate is relatively nontoxic, nonrestrictive, and readily biodegradable, making it useful in environmentally amicable formulations. Fast evaporation rate Fast drying is often a key performance requirement in cleaning applications. A slow-drying solvent can keep mum the cleaning process, adding additional labor cost. In addition, slow-drying solvents can attract airborne contaminants and leave residues that negate the effectiveness of the cleaning processes. Using Eastman methyl acetate in cleaning applications (Continued)Table 2 shows physical properties of methyl acetate versus other fast-evaporating solvents. Methyl acetate evaporates faster than MEEK and ethyl acetate, allowing its use as a surrogate for those solvents in applications where VOCE reduction is required. Methyl acetate is similar to acetone in evaporation rate, VOCE exemption, and non-HAP status but offers a higher flash point and hydrophobic property. The hydrophobic nature of methyl acetate can be a key performance criteria in cleaning applications where moisture-related problems can damage or corrode parts, eating to defects or rejects.

Medical Claims Examiner or Claims Officer Training and Development Needs

Prep atomic number 18d By Solomon Sawerh PetteyOrganisation Osu Klottey NHIS Location Osu, Accra Ghana Medical Claims Examiner orClaims Officer training & development inlet Significant achievements have been made at arresting potential declare related challenges which threatened NHIS sustainability, but the claims still continue coming in dissolute with increased work load. The uses of technology and claim officers to effectively manage claims also continue to advance with meaningful results.This document therefore aims to use a scientific management approach to determine the training and development needs of claims officers, which can further enhance the effective and efficient management of claims. Case in height Claims officers need to have certain knowledge, skills and abilities to examine medical claims effectively. The question is what is the current capacity gap of knowledge, skills and abilities? The work of medical claim examination and approval are critical and comp lex and this lends support to the question above.The research aims to determine the training and development needs of claims officers by examining levels of education, professional background and prior knowledge of claims vetting and shipway to determine the impact of training. Focus will be on the claim officers perspective of needs, best approach to close capacity gaps, and better enhancement of NHIA activities towards the astir(p) upon the performance of claim officers.About 70% of NHIS claims have been projected to be processed electronically, but leveraging technology in terms of claims management will non adequately address the capacity deficit, unless the manpower is intimately equipped to contribute meaningfully towards the rrealization of the companys strategic goals. Approach Benchmarks Challenge of expenditure handed-down methods versus JUST-IN-TIME training and development for practical knowledge Continuum of learning/E-learning Tailored Programs / Health Insurance Training Institutions / International AssociationsSAMPLE CONTENT TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY broadcast (P) Basic outline of programs which can be designed to prepare participants to meet the challenges of health care revenue cycle management including insurance reimbursement and accounts receivable management, with toilsome emphasis on clinical knowledge needed to analyze the content of medical records for optimal reimbursement P 1, Medical Aspects of Claims describes the anatomy and physiology of the human body, as well as disorders and treatment of the various body systems.P 2, Basic Pharmacology introduction to the basic study of drugs, therapeutic uses, dosage and actions. P 3, Health Insurance right provide an understanding of the insurance policy as a legal contract aspects of statutory law, case law, and common law as they pertain to claim administration. P 4, Claim Administration administration of claims under health insurance contracts (both individual and grou p), including investigation and cost control techniques.P 5, Management of Claim Operations activity of management theory to the operations of claim departments, including the management functions of planning, controlling, organizing and leading. P 6, Foundations of Insurance Marketing and Customer Service marketing principles and functions, customer service concepts and strategies as total aspects of health insurance Foundations of Excellence Details/courses Anatomy and Physiology and Introduction to Human Disease Presentation Techniques, Advanced Composition, Diversity in Society Foundations of Health Professions apply Information Technology Medical Terminology and Introduction to Health Careers Major Accounting Foundations Administrative Procedures or Medical Office Applications Health Record mental object Health Care Management Foundations Procedural and Diagnostic Coding Introduction to Health Care Reimbursement Systems and Reimbursement Applications Clai ms Management Practicum Health Care Law and Ethics

Franklin D. Roosevelt Vs. Abraham Lincoln Essay

This paper will comp are and contrast Franklin D. Roosevelt and Abraham capital of Nebraska. I will compare and contrast twain(prenominal) of their childhood and education. Then I will compare and contrast their presidency. This paper will similarly cover the similarities and differences on how they tried to improve our country and what they treasured to happen when they were in office. Fin onlyy, I will close with the similarities and differences about both of their deaths.Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the coupled supposes. He became president in March of 1933. He led a wide-ranging part in the World War Two . He died while he was still in office on April 12 1945 of a cerebral hemorrhage.Abraham capital of Nebraska was the 16th President of the United States. He became president on November 6, 1860. He helped free the slaves and he was a enormous speech and poem writer. He was murdered when he went to a play on April 14, 1865, with a gun shot to his head.Th e comparison of these two presidents early demeanor is not re each(prenominal)y good comparison, scarcely allow me key you the similarities. They both went to school and got an education. They loved to read and they preferred learning to working physical labor. They both would set at that place and read a bookafter a bookafter a book. This led to a difficult relationship with their fathers, who was vindicatory the opposite. Abraham and Franklin were constantly borrowing books from the neighbors. They both lived a sheltered life and never really got into big trouble. They were both Tall, handsome, athletic, and outgoing. They loved to go outside and play with the neighbors or just go out side and play by themselves Abraham and Franklin both moved around when they were little. They both adapted to their environment quickly. It never seemed to bother them. They both had to go threw the feeling of losing a member of their family at such a young age.The differences of Abraham and Franklins childhood were not much of a difference, But there was some differences Abraham was taller than all of the men in his neighborhood and Franklin was tall, but he wasnt taller than every hotshot else. Abraham loved to go out and help his protoactinium chop wood or do anyother chore that was needed to be done around the house. But Franklin on the other hand, He would help his dad and his mom but, he would rather read a book or go outside and play. Franklin went to a prep school, while Abraham went to a school that all you did was study at your own pace and and work indivitualy. This school was more like independent studies, yet, it wasnt for bad children.When Abraham was around 9 years old, his develop Nancy Hanks Lincoln, died from milk sickness, a disease obtained from befuddleing the milk of cows which had grazed on poisonous white snakeroot. (1) His sister, also died, But she died from childbirth. As you can see, Abraham went threw care of deaths as a young boy. He h ad to deal with the mental pain of all of these feelings that come along with death. Roosevelt never had to go threw any deaths in tell he was much older.When they started to grow up, they started to explore the world. Abraham started to travel. But Franklin was a student at Harvard University. Then he went to Law school, but he never graduated. In Springfield, Lincoln met Mary Todd. Three years later they were married and over the next 11 years had 4 children. Lincoln became a successful attorney, and the family bought a home on Jackson. In 1846 Lincoln ran for the United States House of Representatives and won. When he was in Washington he became known for his dedication to the Mexican War and to slavery. He returned home after his term and resumed his law practice more seriously than before.Franklin married a distant cousin, Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, on Mar. 17, 1905. They had six children, but the sixth one died at birth. The Roosevelts were active in New York social circles and F ranklin handled small-claims cases. He also won a seat as a Democrat in the New York state senate. Lincoln was against the spread of slavery into the territories but was not an abolitionist. He also ran for Senate, but someone else won. But after that, he gained subject area recognition. They both were trying really hard to get into politics, and they seemed to be doing fine. The Roosevelt name and his new image helped him win the Vice-Presidential nomination in 1920. The Democrats had little rely for him winning.The number one similarity of these two presidents was that they were both presidents of the United States. Lincoln won on the 3rd ballot of thePresidential nomination in 1860. Lincoln was elected the 16th President on November 6, 1860. In 1930, Roosevelt began to campaign for the presidency. He started to run because the economic depression damaged Hoover, and it was a better chance for him to win. In 1932, Roosevelt won the nomination as the Democratic Party candidate fo r president. In November 1932, Roosevelt beat Hoover by seven million votes. They both wanted the trump out for the country and they tried their hardest to make the country the best it can be.There are so many differences between the two Presidents and what they had to do when they were in office. Lincoln really didnt have much to do compared to Roosevelt. Roosevelt ran four terms and he had to make decisions for World War Two. In taking office in 1933, Roosevelt had promised the United States to a good neighbor policy. He had carried out this pledge in Latin America. He tried to follow the policy of goodwill with all of the world. As contend became more likely to happen in the 1930s, both the president and the American public wished to confront neutral. But at the same time, Roosevelt did not want to see the aggressors get mad. War finally broke out in Europe when Germany invaded Poland in 1939.Roosevelt wanted to help the democratic nations without bringing the United States in to the war. But after a while, it was harder to keep the US out of the war. After the fall of France in 1940, Roosevelt rushed allot of weapons to Britain to help the British in the war against Germany. As you can tell, Roosevelt was a really busy man. Abraham on the other hand, Had a totally different kind of presidency. He played a big role in freeing slaves and he also gave really good speeches One of his favorite poems was Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be proud? corresponding a swift-fleeting meteor, a fast-flying cloud, A flash of the lightning, a break of the wave, He passes from life to his rest in the grave.The leaves of the oak and the willow shall fade, Be dispel around, and together be laid And the young and the old, the low and the high, Shall molder to dust, and together shall lie.The infant a mother attended and loved The mother that infants affection who proved The husband, that mother and infant who blessed Each, all, are away to their dwelling of rest.The ma id on whose cheek, on whose brow, in whose eye, Shone beauty and pleasure her triumphs are by And the memory of those who loved her and praised, argon alike from the minds of the living erased.The hand of the king that the sceptre hath borne, The brow of the priest that the mitre hath worn, The eye of the sage, and the flavour of the brave, Are hidden and lost in the depths of the grave.The peasant, whose lot was to sow and to reap, The herdsman, who climbed with his goats up the steep, The beggar, who wandered in search of his bread, Have faded away like the grass that we tread.The saint, who enjoyed the communion of Heaven, The sinner, who dared to remain unforgiven, The wise and the foolish, the guilty and just, Have quietly mingled their bones in the dust.So the multitude goes like the flower or the weed That withers away to let others succeed So the multitude comes even those we behold, To repeat every tale that has often been told.For we are the same that our fathers have been We see the same sights that our fathers have seen We drink the same stream, we feel the same sun, And run the same course that our fathers have run.The thoughts we are thinking, our fathers would think From the death we are shrinking, our fathers would shrink To the life we are clinging, they also would cling But it speeds from us all like a bird on the wing.They loved but the story we cannot unfold They scorned but the heart of the haughty is cold They grieved but no wail from their slumber will come They joyed but the tongue of their gladness is dumb.They died aye, they died we things that are now, That walk on the cover that lies over their brow, And make in their dwellings a transient abode,Meet the things that they met on their pilgrimage road.Yea, hope and despondency, pleasure and pain, Are mingled together in sunshine and fall And the smile and the tear, the song and the dirge, Still follow each other, like surge upon surge.Tis the wink of an eye tis the draug ht of a breath From the blossom of health to the pallor of death, From the gilded saloon to the bier and the shroud Oh, why should the spirit of mortal be proud? (2) The deaths of theis two presidents are very different. Let me tell you how they both happened. On Good Friday, April 14, 1865, the Lincolns went to a play called Our American Cousin at Fords Theater During the performance Booth arrived at the theater, entered the State Box from the back, and shot the Lincoln in the back of his head at about 1015 P.M. Lincoln was carried across the street to the Petersen House where he passed away the next day at 722 A.M.This was the first Presidential assassination in American history, and the nation mourned its leader. Lincolns ashes was taken to Springfield by train, and he was buried in the Lincoln Tomb in Oak Ridge Cemetery on May 4, 1865. Roosevelts health, which had been getting worse and worse ever since early 1944, did not improve. After returning from the Yalta Conference, h e went to Warm Springs, Georgia, to rest. He was laying in bed on April 12, 1945 and he died he of a cerebral hemorrhage. As you can tell, The deaths of these two great men were very different and hard for the American people to handle, But they changed out history of our country in a big way.In conclusion, You can see how these two president were so alike yet so different at the same time. I believe that we can learn so much from these two people and benefit off of it in a great deal. If more of our presidents would be more like these brave, kind, intelligent men our world be in a lot better condition than it is today. If these two men were not in out history, I think that our whole life would be so different. And thats in more ways that one. I hope you have learned a couple of things from this report. Because I know I sure have.

Behaviour of Studied Plant Species in Terms of Heating Mitigation and Evapotranspiration

5 Discussion5.1 Weather ConditionssUpwind conditions during the season and the sextuplet meter runs played a fundamental function for the procedure of this sight. As mentioned antecedently in regard to the survey of caloric imaginativeness and specific conditions conditions were a requirement. The optimum conditions conditions for transporting out these measurings included happen sky, no air current and extravagantly values of PAR. These conditions slightly restricted the measurings as they were hard to be obtained for many yearss during the months from May until July. The bar period was characterized by many yearss of cloud screen, rainfall and low temperatures and merely a few yearss of clear sky and senior high temperatures every bit good as high PAR values. The most restrictive factor was the cloud screen, as there were yearss with high temperature and in addition there was cloud screen. However, there were yearss with clear sky and no air current but the PAR values we re excessively low ( below 1200 ?mol s-1m-2) , so that measurings could non be performed.Besides, it is of here and now to observe that the conditions conditions differed for each of the measuring dates as it was impossible to h senior the exact same conditions every clip. Maes and Steppe ( 2012 ) had highlighted the limitation of conditions conditions in thermic imagination and the confining factor of cloud screen. However the consequences of the six successful measuring daytime of the months led to observations and decisions about the thermic behavior of the five studied whole caboodle species.5.2 Behaviour of Studied Plant Species in Footings of passion Mitigation and EvapotranspirationThe current survey make up shown that all of the tried workss species had an effectual chilling potency by comparing to the b be dirt. Planted trays had ever put subdue surface temperatures than the g overn trays. This was anyways supported by the statistical analysis which indicated impo rtant differences between mesocosms and control trays. Several surveies stated that one of the benefits of immature ceiling workss is to maintain the temperature low ( Nagase and Dunnett, 2010 Teemusk and Mander, 2009 ) . Specifically, the four of the five species,Koeleria glauca, Lotus corniculatus,Dianthus carthusianorumandPhedimus floriferumhave been shown to hold lower temperatures than the controls trays for the full period of when the measurings were conducted. However, in the last two day of the months sing the measurings, theThymus serpyllumhad showed high temperatures than the controls trays because the mini bush had died antecedently. While all workss of the monocultures had died many single species were able to last in combination with opposite species. However,Thymus serpyllumis considered a common discolour ceiling species ( Teemusk and Mander, 2009 ) . Besides, Jones ( 2002 ) had indicated thatThymusspecies frequently did non last. The ground for the bad public presentation ofThymusis still non clear. Although shake up and drouth strain are known to hold a negative impact on the species, it is besides believed that works infections could be another cause for its bad public presentation.Sing the evapotranspiration, all the mesocosm systems showed to hold higher(prenominal) values than the control trays. System 5 (Phedimus floriferum )showed to hold the lowest evapotranspiration of the 15 mesocosms due to the facultative CAM metamorphosis of the species. The last two yearss System 4 showed the lowest evapotranspiration values sinceThymus serpyllumin the monocultures where they had wholly died off.Several surveies have been conducted to equivalence between green roof works species in monocultures and combinations in graze to transport out and understand in which of the two is the most good. The surveies conclude that works mixtures were to a greater extent effectual and good in footings of heating extenuation, evapotranspiration and pid dle gaining control than monocultures and recommended for extended green roofs ( Lundholmet al. ,2010 Nagase and Dunnett, 2012, 2010 ) .This survey had conclude that System 7 a combination ofPhedimus floriferum( succulent ) andLotus corniculatus( leguminous plant ) was more effectual and good along with System 10 which is a combination ofPhedimus floriferum( succulent ) ,Koeleria glauca( grass ) andDianthus carthusianorum( herb)and dejection be considered as the best of the 15 systems in footings of extenuating warming effects. These systems showed significantly lower temperatures during most of the measurings. Systems 6( Phedimus floriferum + Koeleria glauca )and 14 (Phedimus floriferum + Koeleria glauca +Lotus corniculatus )had so followed with satisfactory consequences.These consequences are in general conformity with other surveies which showed that grass and herb or mixtures of these species are authentically suited to green roofs. Although they are less drought bighearte d than succulent they are more effectual in footings of evapotranspiration and H2O keeping faculty ( Van Mechelenet Al., 2014 ) . Besides, the bulk of green roofs in North America and europium are combinations of Sedum species or combinations of Sedum and grasses ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) . Lundholmet al. ,( 2010 ) had stated that the best combination for green roof is succulents, grasses and tall forbs. Since thei experiment this works mixture optimized most of the maps which were measured.Koeleria glaucacan maintain the H2O balance stable alternatively of intensive transpiration. Besides, its leafages are sclerenchymatous and about lush at the same time ( Kalapos T.,1989 ) . Furthermore, many herbaceous species are characterized by adaptative steps and could confront drouth ( Dvorak and Volder, 2010 ) . Some adaptative steps for Sedum species and stress-tolerant grasses and herbaceous are CAM photosynthetic tracts, H2O storage variety meats, succulent foliages which characte rized the Sedum species, drought-avoidance ( bulbs and ruderals ) and woody growing. These and other geomorphological and anatomical characteristics could cut down the heat addition and H2O loss ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) . Grasss and forbs are characterized by low root H2O electrical capacity and/or drouth turning away which allow them to last in green roof systems ( Wolf and Lundholm, 2008 ) .It is besides deserving observing the importance in respects to the monocultures ofKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatus retentiveness shown really good warming extenuation and chilling effects consequences. Besides combinations which included these species proofed to be really suitable. These species are both characterized by holding high evapotranspiration values andLotus corniculatusbesides being good of making high works screen due to strong vegetive growing.In respects to the Sedum speciesPhedimus floriferum,it is confirmed that it is really good for green roofs. Although it was frequen tly hotter than the other species likely due to its CAM metamorphosis it had a positive consequence on the other species.Phedimus floriferumwas presented with combinations which showed the best heat emphasis extenuation and kept the temperatures at low degrees during the measurement period. Several surveies investigatedSedumspecies as they are the most normally used for extended green roofs. Most of the surveies concluded thatSedumspecies can be characterized as ideal species and the best option for green roofs because of their facultative CAM metamorphosis, stress- tolerance and ability to re-sprout ( Butler and Orians, 2011 Farrellet al. ,2013 Nagase and Dunnett, 2012 Van Mechelenet al. ,2014 ) . Since none of the deep-rootedPhedimuspersons died in the survey, it essential besides be noted that the high continuity of the species is another positive facet.5.3 Plant Cover and Temperature of Studied Plant SpeciesIn current survey that have been examined in respects to the dealing ss between the works screen and average temperatures of the mesocosms, there was the premise that the works screen would had influenced the temperatures. It was concluded that temperatures were so slightly influenced by the works screen, the higher the works cover the lower were the temperatures. This had so led to the decision that the species which are characterized by distributing via vegetive growing such asPhedimus floriferumandLotus corniculatusare advantageous for green roofs. A high screen and flicker wonts of workss can besides be good.5.4 Restrictions of the StudyAs antecedently stated the chief problem/limitation during measurings was the clip consequence on tray temperatures. In order to cut down the job of different heating throughout the twenty-four hours, measurings were carried out at midday when the radiation and the temperatures usually reach a tableland. Besides, wry and wet unreal foliages were used and exposed to the same environmental conditions ( air tempe rature, radiation, wind velocity ) as the trays in order to avoid theoretical appraisals of baselines. It was find that the temporal temperature gradient decreased when the measurings were carried out at midday. By this, the clip consequence was partially solved but it still existed. Furthermore, for most of the measuring day of the months at that place was a good convergence between the temperatures of unreal foliages measured by the usage of thermocouples and the IR-camera. Thus the emissivity needed non to be adapted. As mentioned antecedently, the thermic imagination was performed within two hours and this period of clip could hold resulted in big differences in ambient temperature or the consecutive warming of the trays. One settlement was to cut down this clip period but due to the high figure of trays it was about impossible to draw the thermic imagination in a shorter clip length. Maes and Steppe ( 2012 ) had besides indicated this travail in thermic imaging so they alte rnatively highlighted the clip devouring process of thermic imagination. Another solution to execute thermic imagination of all trays in one spell is the usage of aircraft but this method leads to a instead harsh declaration of images ( Leuzingeret al. ,2010 ) .It is besides of import to observe that the clip consequence had complicated the finding of the important differences between the systems, due to the high criterion divergences. However, the consequences of this survey clearly indicated important differences between the systems and the control trays. Besides, it can be concluded that systems equipped with species such asKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatusshowed satisfactory consequences and could be characterized as being appropriate works species.The restriction as stated preceding(prenominal) in respects to the clip consequence besides led to the determination to maintain the emissivity to a default value of 1 since the survey was concerned in temperature differences betw een the systems and non in the absolute temperatures of the objects ( works leaves, dirt substrate, pebbles and lava ) . However, as mentioned in subdivision 3.3.1 during March and April 2014 ( before the measurings started ) several efforts were make in order to countersink/calculate the emissivity of the studied works species but because of the complexness the efforts were kept to a lower limit. It is deserving observing that most surveies on works temperatures set emissivity to a default value and that there are merely little differences between dirt and works emissivities ( Leuzinger and Korner, 2007 Maes and Steppe, 2012 ) .It would besides be interesting to analyze day-to-day rhythms of leaf temperatures particularly inPhedimussince it is a facultative CAM species. Unfortunately another restriction of this survey which wasnt conducted was that this survey didnt examine the day-to-day behavior in footings of the temperature and transpiration of the workss. If the restriction had been conducted the behavior ofPhedimuswould hold besides been questioned in order to detect its transpiration.5.5 Inventions of the StudyDespite the restrictions mentioned above that had non been conducted the current survey is the first in which a high figure of replicated green roof mesocosms were researched. Every system had eight replicates and the control trays were seven. This high figure of replicates is sufficient for stand foring temperature measurings, which had neer been studied on green roof works species.The measurings were carried out from May until July in 2014. This long measuring period allowed more observations about the studied works species and their thermic behavior over clip in different conditions conditions and state of affairss.The usage of IR-thermometry can be considered as another invention since this method is tender and it started to be used in recent old ages. However, this could be seen as a hazard since there are no fixed protocols available fo r IR-thermometry on workss. As antecedently mentioned, the usage of thermic imagination and infrared cameras enables the observation of thermic conditions of the objects in item. The technique of infrared thermometry has started to be normally used because of its truth. Infrared cameras are now being used more and more by works scientists because the costs of the equipment has been diminishing.Another of import factor is the usage of image analysis to derive mean, lower limit and maximal temperatures of selected objects and it has besides brought in a new method in respects to research. The corresponding package of the camera, IRBIS, has been a really helpful tool in order to research the temperatures of the studied workss.As a farther affair in respects to the statistical analysis that was performed in order to place important differences between the mesocosm systems, and controls and besides between the different types described as advanced because so many statistical trials were carried out for each day of the month of measurings in order to compare the systems.6 DecisionIn the last decennaries, the effects of planetary heating have become progressively seeable. One technique used to extenuate urban heat is the building of green roofs , a method that is progressively used in many states. Green roof workss have the capableness to change the microclimate outside and inside of edifices. A new method to look into the temperature and accordingly the chilling potency of workss is infrared thermometry. Thermal imaging utilizing infrared cameras enables the observation of thermic conditions of the objects in item. Topographic point measurings of foliage temperatures utilizing thermocouples are inferior to IR-thermometry but the latter attack has restrictions, excessively.The survey was carried out to look into the effectivity of five commonly used green roof works speciesKoeleria glauca( a grass ) ,Lotus corniculatus( a leguminous plant ), Dianthus carthusianorum ( a herb ) ,Thymus serpyllum (a low turning bush ) andPhedimus floriferum( a succulent ) .The undermentioned iii hypotheses were tested The workss have an effectual chilling potency as compared to the bare dirt. TheSedumspecies,Phedimus floriferum,could hold a positive consequence on the other species and could cut down heat emphasis. Plant mixtures of different species are more effectual than monocultures.The overall aims of this survey was to i ) Compare the deep-rooted trays with control trays ( au naturel dirt ) in order to look into the chilling potency of workss. two ) Examine the effectivity ofPhedimus floriferumin footings of evapotranspiration, heat consequence extenuation and possible positive consequence on the other species. three ) Compare the works mixtures with monocultures to place important differences.The consequences in general supported the first hypothesis. It had particularly supported the speciesKoeleria glaucaandLotus corniculatusand some of the mixtures wit h these species holding shown to hold significantly lower surface temperatures than the controls trays and some of the deep-rooted mesocosms for the whole measuring period. The consequences in respects to the 2nd hypothesis was besides supported.ThePhedimus floriferumso had a positive consequence on the other species as the combinations with the species kept the temperatures at lower degrees during the measurement period. SincePhedimusis a extremely drought stress-tolerant and relentless species, it had a positive consequence on the bionomical services of green roofs. The consequences besides lead to the credence of the 3rd hypothesis that works mixtures are more effectual than monocultures since the best systems in footings of extenuating the heat effects were works mixtures.However, the survey besides faced some restrictions such as the clip consequence on tray temperatures and the proper accommodation of emissivity values. Several efforts were made and several methods were appli ed in order to turn to those limitations. Harmonizing to the literature, old surveies had faced the same restrictions.In order to cut down the clip effects during measurement runs of a high figure of replicates, high scaffolds should be used from which all objects can be monitored in one spell. However, due to the big field of federal agency the low declaration of images would hold been a job. Taking exposure of all the objects at the same clip had its advantages in that many images could be taken over clip, e.g. to analyze day-to-day temperature rhythms of works surfaces. This could be characterized as an mentality which should be investigated farther by similar experiments in the hereafter, in order to see whether it helps the survey to minimise or extinguish similar restrictions and limitations and besides to lend to this current research.

Bag the Elephant: Book Review

In this deem authored by Steve Kaplan the setting was focus on the current strain view where in order to ein truthplacecome the challenges you aim to be like elephants where being smart is non the only way for you to win these boastfully companies but you as well as essential to be strong, clumsy and slow and must(prenominal) have huge memory like elephants.In this adjudge, it also provides a way on how a business smoke truly succeed in get large companies rather than getting small ones, which for some it still in the present trend business do, because for them it is easier for them to do transaction, but in this book of account Steve explains that getting the enceinte elephants provides a huge lift in your business because it does not only give your big avail but also helps you protract for long-term years and established stability in the long run. hold the Elephant book does not honest provide how big doing business with large companies, but also it gives a cl ear idea on how these big companies help establish other businesses also. Like take for instance if you work in big companies with their good monetary standings and also partnership with other businesses, with that alone, it means that you could extend wider business connections and that would definitely give bigger opportunity for your business as well.In this book, Steve Kaplan also gives some advice on how to win big companies, like what attitude and character or right negotiations that are indigenceed in order to win them and most especially how would you sustain this in the long period for your business to grow as well as how these companies would help sustain their business. II. Analysis and Evaluation In this book it provides why and how business people in particular focus on winning big companies rather than small ones, like the one that will attribute you over the top like improving sales and marketing dodge that can help you get that giant customer.How these Elephant hel ps you increase your revenue, profits and success. More than a strategy book, Bag the Elephant is packed with proven tactics, tools, and techniques along with real-world examples from the authors vast experience that will demonstrate how you can put these powerful ideas to work. To prepare you for long-term success, this book Bag the Elephant.. also provides the 6 keys for a successful big-customer focus how to map and use a big companys red tape to your advantage ideas and techniques for developing your own Elephant persuasion list how to find champions who can become your inside sales reps how to build strong alliances that result in maximum sales secrets of negotiating with an Elephant without giving away your profit margins techniques for turning customer catastrophes into customer loyalty how to avoid the 5 killer mistakes that can put you out of business.This book also provides outlines on why getting big companies profitable rather than getting projects from small com panies. The book Bag the Elephant is all about how smart and intelligent business owners can win and wait those all-important companies, make-or-break clients. This book also filled with dynamic advice and real-life examples, delivered in an energetic, straight-shooting fashion that gets right to the core of its powerful ideahow to land the account that will put you over the top.Here are six keys to achieving the elephant mindset and understanding the big customer. Mapping and using big companys red tape and irregularities to your advantage. This book also outlines how these big elephant ineluctably you as often as you need it and how to do effective negotiations. In he inaugural part, Elephant is Waiting, it shows how important and how business people must think that in that respect is really high potential in doing business with them and these big companies are just waiting for them, if only they know what their of necessity are for them to have meliorate business with them. On the second part, The Secret life of the Elephant, it somehow focuses on learning the ropes of big companies, the way they do business and how they actually do transaction. This is very important because knowing how to do business with big companies are far divergent than getting into small or medium sized companies. Like from the simplest knowing the implication schemes, red tape transactions, etc. this are vital because that is how business works for big companies and that must be well adhered in order to succeed.(Kaplan, S, 2005). Reading this book has provided better way of understanding the way how business works and how it should be applied in the real world. This book also explains that it is still very habitual these days that for some companies it is still important to maximize profit and reduce expense. But, this has been a little bit changed as the demand for innovation and technology and the need for process improvement are becoming an important factor for success o f an organization.With these latest developments and trend in the business, companies with their top executives would always advert intently what they need to improve or in other case needed to innovate. The main reason is that, in any case the managers with the executives of the company must carefully look on this need and should not give any drastic and not well-studied decisions. It is also where managers inputs are very important and they should not be just decision making for their own sake but it should be for the betterment of the whole company.This book also provides better discussion how big companies can be a big factor for lucrativeness which is currently the main issue for companies to sustain their business. Secondly, it also focuses on competitiveness, how a company can be competitive in the thick of hardships in businesses. Competitive advantage, how does this become a very important motivating factor for some companies, particularly the global companies?Actually, thither are two very common questions that are commonly address when it comes to competitive advantage and these are is with regards to attractiveness of industries for long-term profitability, there is no company that does not want to have a long-term profitability. This is one factor that really drives company to continually be competitive. Strategies and efficient approaches are really well-focused and well desired activities that company take to focus carefully.That is why there was no doubt that there are companies would even invest for research and development because that is one factor that contributes to long-term profitability and not just focusing on the customer satisfaction and efficient internal management. The second question why competitive advantage needs to take for by a company is in order for them to know their current status in the industry. In the second question it is simply carefully perusing the current status of the company, is the company effective in wh at areas?Does the company established effective long-term plans and strategies? These types of questions would even help in establishing a sort of intimacy base or baseline before actual process improvement take place. This also provides a better reflection to current business situation that in order to really implement the right process for any competitive advantage that needed to be implemented in a company, there should be an effective long-term strategy that should be establish.And this strategy should focus mainly on operations management, this is very important that every company needs to start improving its own operation, there are other companies that fails to do this, the main focus here is that these companies needs to make sure that they improve first their own turf and that they are well prepared enough to work on for bigger challenges ahead.Some of the key factors and priorities that relates to operations management are the following studying carefully what operation m anagement style needs to be applied, secondly, understand the current demand and supply, third, the companys current product and service offered, and at last is what are the current consumer demand, variety of needs, diversity concerns, need for flexibility and other important issues that need to be address by the company.That is why with regards to operations management, it does not particularly focus on operations within the company but also more importantly is the external factors that affect it. III. Lesson, Thoughts and Experiences One lesson in this book is that for anyone, you should always strive hard into the top even though it is hard and sometimes seems impossible. Like for instance in school, it is important that we work hard in our studies because this will also be our main passport to our future career which would give us advantage against the competition someday.The most important lesson in his book is that, businesspeople must now be afraid of getting big companies, because this can provide long term success in the business. This does not just provide businesses long term stability but more importantly it provides much greater opportunity in the long run because their business also works with other big businesses and that alone can give you more opportunity to grow and that can help you sustain your business.Secondly, this book also gives business people an idea that learning the ropes of these big elephants must also be taken into careful consideration because this is not the same and really far different than going into transaction with small companies. Lastly, it also provides better explanation on how competitiveness and quality on the way you operate with these big companies is needed and much more expected because it is not just as simple as doing daily business with them, they desire better results and that is a growing challenge as you go along dong business with them.The longer you do business with them the more new and exciting ideas is needed that would also help them re-define their business and that would not just help them achieve their goal but more importantly help you attain your goal as well. Like it is also being express that if the company has been enhancing its capabilities on how they can serve their customers, it also makes the company creates its own distinctive competencies and this is now where innovations, efficiency, quality, and customer responsibilities form together as a supplement by the company to be competitive and work effectively in its operation.If the company continues to strive and maintain its vision of improving its competencies, it also brings the company in performing value creation in the organization. This value creation will also be the main ingredient for success on doing business for these big elephants in the business. So expect challenge in life and be ready to face it with all your mind and strength because that is the only way you can overcome it and for sure at the e nd of it you will win it. List of References Kaplan, S. (2005). Bag the Elephant. How to Win and Keep Big Customers. US Bard Press

American Home Products Corporation Essay

1. How much vexation assay does Ameri stern fellowship Products breast? How much financial venture would American Home Products face at for each one of the proposed levels of debt destinen in power shew 3? How much potential value, if any can American Home Products create for its shareholders at each of the proposed levels of debt? A combination of business risk and financial risk shows the risk of an organizations future return on honor. Business risk is related to present a firms ope dimensionn without any debt, whereas financial risk requires that the firms common stockholders make a decision to finance it with debt. a) American Home Products has been operating on four main lines of business that are less uncertainty about product demand for example, one of its business lines is food products beca theatrical role whenever mess buy foods. It representation that AHPs business risk is low. As mentioned to a higher place, if a firm does its operation activities regula rly without leverage, it means that its business risk is not significant high. Thus, ratio of cash to total assets is calculated by followingAccording to Figure 1, AHPs cash was about 23% of total assets, rose ever since 1978 to 1981, and reached 28.2% in 1981 thus, it has enough cash flow to finance its daily operation.Also, return on assets can show that a firms ability to cover its operating cost by generating income. According to the computing below, American Home Products senss ROA was stable and approximately 19.2 % in 1981 consequently, AHP earned sufficient hail of income to cover its operating cost. Figure 2 Return on Assets of Amercan Home Products Corporation, 1972-1981 ($ in millions)Add to these above explanations, Exhibit 1 shows that AHPs peak annual growth in sales was 14.1% in 1978 and analyze to it, annual growth in sales diminish by 5.3% in 1981 as a result, it became hurt to AHP because consumers started to interest into competitors products. Risk aversion was the most fundamental component of AHPs culture consequently, they prefer to larn or take license of previously civilizeed goods or produce similar products with its competitors rather than to develop new-products. Although it seems to celebrate R&D expenses, acquisition cost or a cost of time receipt to steal others innovation would be still appeared. Thus, AHP should try to improve its sales. b) Financial risk is related to business risk, so we measured NOPAT, ROIC, ROE whose uncertainty future can determine a firms business risk in Figure 3. Figure 3 Pro Forma 1981 Results for alternative Capital Structures ($ in millions except ratios)Above pro forma illustrates that total debt and financial risk amaze dandy correlation with each other and AHPs total debt increased, so its financial risk would rise. Then if American Home Products Corporation could not pay its loan and interest by schedule, it would meet the financial risk and the risk of bankruptcy. According to Exhib it 4, AHP used excess cash of 233 million dollars on each of the proposed levels to purchase stocks and remaining amounts were financed by debt thus, its common shares outstanding would decreased by 19.8 million shares on 30% dept ratio and 36.6 million shares on 70% debt ratio. It means that equity go out goes down, so its return on equity will rise. AHP should consider about financial risk to change the bully body twist.American Home Products Corporation can save taxes to pay by increasing debt. Figure 4 illustrates that its taxes savings can be advantage to AHP if it uses heavier pileus complex body part. Figure 4 Pro Forma 1981 Taxes Savings ($ in millions)According to Figure 4, if the gilds capital structure is 70% debt to total capital, comparing to 30 % debt to total capital structure, it can save approximately 1.9 times greater money thus, its shareholders would benefit from it. 2. What capital structure would you recommend as appropriate for AHP? What are the advanta ges of leverage this company? The disadvantages? How would leveraging up affect the companys taxes? How would the capital trades react to a decision by the company to increase the use of debt in its capital structure? Most appropriate capital structure for American Home Products is 30% debt to total capital. Several reasons will explain the reason why this structure gives advantage to AHP. The first, as using 30% debt ratio, the company would be able to be recapitalized hence, common shares outstanding of 19.8 million can be repurchased. The second, according to Figure 4, AHP would have advantage to save taxes of 37.8 million dollars and its shareholders benefit by acquire more values.Exhibit 2 shows that Warner cubic decimetre companys debt ratio is approximately 32% and its cling rating is AAA or AA. It means that if AHP uses 30% debt and 70% equity, its bond rating will be same as Warner Lambert consequently, bond interest to pay will not increase much due to bond rating. Add ition to these reasons, AHP would face less risk to compare heavier capital structures. Finally, AHPs annual growth in sales decreased in 1981 by 2.9% from previous year, so getting debt could be helpful to manage its operation in effect and increase its sales growth. Besides above advantages, using 30% debt and 70% equity capital structure has disadvantages. First of all, if a firm has a loan, it has to be responsible to pay its principle and interest as a schedule otherwise, it would be reason to bankruptcy thus, same rule works on case of AHP. In addition to the risk of bankruptcy, if the companys daily operation requires more investment by and by recapitalization, getting new loan for it would be more difficult.In final, using debt can be reason to increase its financial risk, so it has to be more careful to manage its operation. According to Figure 4, leveraging the company by using 30% debt to capital structure would decrease its taxes of 37.8 million dollars to pay. The capi tal market would react positively to a decision by the company to use of 30% debt in its capital structure. The company had almost no debt and had excess of cash or higher liquidity and Mr. Laborte who was chief executive director of the company was near to give his position because of retirement, so most analysts expected the company to change its standpat(prenominal) capital structure. Also, Figure 5 shows the market positive reaction on the stock monetary value. Figure 5 Stock Price of AHP ($ in millions except per share datas and ratios)According to Figure 5, AHPs stock harm will increase to 31.5. In order to calculate new stock impairment, we used average price/ dough ratio of both American Home Products Corporation and Warner Lambert Company in Exhibit 2 because exhibit 2 illustrates that while P/E ratio of AHP is 10.6%, 8% for Warner Lambert and dissimilar Warner Lambert, AHP has less financial risk. All though AHPs risk will increase after getting leverage and its P/E r atio will decrease, AHP would have better financial position than Warner Lambert, so investors would be interested to buy AHPs stock rather than stock of Warner Lambert.3. How might AHP implement a more aggressive capital structure policy? What are the alternative methods for leveraging up? AHP should use heavier capital structure which means that increase to use more debt instead of conservative capital structure consequently, AHPs capital structure might be more effective and aggressive. The alternative methods for leveraging up are innovating new products, using better technology, and motivating labor. 4. In view of AHPs unique bodied culture, what arguments would you advance to persuade Mr. Laporte or his successor to adopt your recommendation?According to Mr. Laporte, his company works in order to increase shareholders wealth, so as using 30% debt to capital would give possibility to save 37.8 million dollars from taxes thus, its shareholders would benefit getting higher divid ends per share. Even though after using debt, its price/earnings ratio might be decreased, its attraction of investors will be still powerful because of stock price increase. Also, if the company uses more debt to the operation, it will be possible to repurchase common stocks of 19.8 millions of shares from market.

Infrastructure as the Foundation of Data Warehousing Essay

Data w arehouse is a dodge environment which provides strategic information and holds detailed or summarized info from heterogeneous sources and provides end users with information bother solutions exclusively designed for reporting and business analysis. The overall construction of the information warehouse is basically depict by its architectural and infrastructural components. Orr pointed out that data warehouse architecture is a way of representing the overall structure of data, communication, processing and presentation that exists for end-user computing within the enterprise. In other words, data warehouse architecture is only if a blueprint which describes the elements and specific services of the warehouse, with details showing how the components will interrelate together and how the brass will grow over time. Moreover, the architecture provides the conceptual framework of the warehouse in which these components are inversely arranged specifically to suit the organi zations requirements and to function in an optimum way. In install for these functions and services to be provided, a warehouse uses basic computing platform which generally makes use of the open technology.The platform includes the various software program and hardware products installed as well as the type of users and the policies that govern it. However, these elements arsehole be categorized as either operational floor or physical infrastructure. Operational infrastructure deals with on how to keep the data warehouse running. These elements would include the people, the trainings required, the policies that each govern a function, and management software that would help maintain the efficiency and management of a data warehouse.Fundamentally, the physical infrastructure of a warehouse, as Ponniah noted, consists of the basic hardware components, the operating system with its utility software, the network, and the network software (p. 147). Coupled with a touch on of tools take aimed to provide such functions and services of individual architectural components. These components are pre-selected that may go finished a number of critical evaluations in order to meet the necessary requirements to support the entire data warehouse.Moreover, Ponniah suggests that the infrastructure has to be modular as possible. That is, when newer versions are cost-effectively available, components could easily be unplugged and plugged in the upgrade. The data warehouse computing environment consists primarily of the hardware and the operating systems which provides jobs such as data extraction, transformation, integration, and transportation. pickaxe of these components are passed to certain criteria, such as, scalability, technical support, security, reliability, availability, and memory protection.Additionally, these infrastructural components would make up the front-end and the back-end systems of the entire data warehouse. However, managing these databases would need a robust and reliable DBMS that would match the selected hardware and software components. The DBMS shoul also take away the capability of delivering a balanced data output and portability to access across the different platforms. Software tools are also important in every architectural component of a data warehouse.Third-party software tools fire provide the necessary needs for developing a data warehouse computing environment, such as, data modeling, GUI design software, query tools that would generate reports, data warehouse administration and others. Generally, these tools cover all the major functions of a data warehouse.ReferencesPonniah, Paulraj (2001). Data Warehousing Fundamentals A Comprehensive Guide for IT Professionals. New York jakes Wiley & Sons, Inc. Orr, Ken (2000). Data Warehouse Technology. Retrieved from the Web March 9, 2007. http//www. kenorrinst. com/dwpaper. html

Internet Cafe Business Plan Essay

Internet Cafe Business Plan executive Summary JavaNet, unlike a typical cafe, forget provide a unique forum for converse and entertainment through the medium of the Internet. JavaNet is the answer to an increasing demand. The public wants (1) access to the methods of communication and volumes of information instantly available on the Internet, and (2) access at a cost they can afford and in such a way that they arent socially, economically, or politically isolated. JavaNets goal is to provide the community with a social, educational, entertaining, atmosphere for worldwide communication.This business plan is prepared to obtain financing in the amount of $24,000. The secondary financing is required to begin work on site preparation and modifications, equipment purchases, and to cover expenses in the scratch line year of operations. Additional financing has already been secured in the form of (1) $24,000 from the Oregon Economic Development livestock (2) $19,000 of personal savin gs from owner Cale Bruckner (3) $36,000 from three investors (4) and $9,290 in the form of short-term loans. JavaNet will be incarnate as an LLC corporation.This will shield the owner Cale Bruckner, and the three outside investors, Luke Walsh, Doug Wilson, and John Underwood, from issues of personal liability and divalent taxation. The investors will be treated as shareholders and therefore will not be liable for more(prenominal) than their individual personal investment of $12,000 each. The financing, in addition to the capital contributions from the owner, shareholders and the Oregon Economic Development Fund, will allow JavaNet to successfully open and maintain operations through year one.

Activity Based Costing of City Services Essay

Required 1. The new mayor became elected with the pledge of rapid privatization. But instead of downright privatization, his first action was to ask for personify estimation of normal service. Why do you think he asked for cost estimation instead of privatizing the public service right away? Was it a sensible action?2. Existing DOT employees were allowed to bid against clannish businesses. Was it a sensible decision? For example, they could have been just fired.3. How well did the project team implement rudiment for estimating the cost of pothole fill up? Do you agree with the manner in which they treated equipment cost and senseless capacity?4. Should the city have allowed the municipal employees to see the ABC estimates and given them the opportunity to reduce their cost?5. Calculate the bids the city workers will issue for fixing potholes in the Northwest and Northeast quadrants.6. The new mayor wants to continue to outsource city services through competitive bidding. Do y ou think thats a good idea? What are the concerns the city should consider?Colorscope, Inc.Instruction 1. What was the value statement of Colorscope to customers? In otherwise words, why would any customer go to Colorscope instead of other large printers?We are going to crumble cost structure of Colorscope using a departmental cost allocation method. This is a two point system. First categorize cost to different production centers (= departments = Job prep, see, Assembly, Output, and Quality). then(prenominal) allocate cost in each center to a job in the second level.2. Complete the following first stage allocation. Job prep Wages $8,000 Depreciation Rent Others* jibe MOH DLH POHR Floor space * allocated by DLH Scanning Assembly Output Quality Idle Total3. Analyze the job profitability by filling out the following sheet with dollars. (Hint Add labor cost and allocated MOH.) Job 61001 61002 Revenue Materials Job prep $9,600 Scanning Assembly Output Quality Net profits62001 I dle Total Profit Then summarize your findings.4. Analyze the rework cost by filling out the following sheet for the jobs with a rework. Job 61001 61002 Materials Job prep Scanning Assembly Output Quality Net profits62001 Total What is the financial consequence of reworks? (Hint compare the profits before and after reworks.)5. What would you recommend to Colorscope Inc. to improve their business?

Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Bank Risk Essay

The decline of the religion has been attributed into neo times with a materialistic culture by the popular wisdom of today, the understanding of religion has imbed this view, as nature having only spiritual limits, and the worldly intimately universe of an respective(pre tokenish) is very unaffectionate in this relation. However, this understanding of Islam religion has been mis manoeuvre by many of among us in the past, as fountainhead as in the present. A critical role has been played by every religion regarding the instruction to survive in a society communally, and in the characterization of different markets of that time.In the religious regards, tint distribution of wealth and debt annulment was preached and emphasized by every religion in the past. The enforcement of the debt bond has been powerfully rejected by all the beliefs and the concept of canceling the debt go for been upheld by them. In the past, in browse to compensate and fulfill the financial needs of dev out and pious Muslims, a concept of money depository was introduced in the Muslim civilization, which has now become a growing phenomenon of the world, that is, around 1. 6 billion Muslims in the world.The macro-economic properties of banking innovation have been studies by many economists with relation to an ideal and isolated Moslem economy framework. In current days, the working of this pioneering financial placement is going on very effectively in various separate of the world. In many developed and under-developed countries, the other conventional banking systems be having this unique financing system too them in every sector of the economy. In this regard, the comparative analysis has been done in this study, which will resolve to differentiate the Moslem banking system with the Conventional ones.In this study, we will approximate to understand and clarify the pedigree between the Islamic and Conventional Banking and the risks that are borne by these methods of ba nking. A financial intermediary having the aims and objectives related to the principles of Islamic law or Shariah may be defined as an Islamic Banking System. Consequently, the zero-interest activities and operations are the key features of this distinctive banking system. However, eliminating the transactions ground on interest is not the only objective of Islamic banking. The abolishment of all kinds of exploitation is as well as another aspect of Islamic banking system.In get out, a fit and unbiased social order is established by the system in this regard. Only the role of moneyman is not played by an Islamic bank. It also works as a partner in the business of an individual. Due to this, the risk between the capital owner and the entrepreneurs is involved by this system. However, the positive result of the collective efforts is also share by the Islamic banking. Thus, the other conventional banking and interest-based system differs from the Islamic banking, as only the ent repreneur or the owner of the capital bears the risk in the conventional banking, and vice versa.However, the individual and bank shares the abovementioned with each other, which provides the entrepreneur to develop as a whole. In other way, participatory banking lift can be given to the Islamic banking in this regard. In the Islamic economics, zero return on capital is not meant by the eliminating process of the interest in this unique banking system, as the pre-determination of a icy return is forbidden for a certain amount of production in the Islamic laws. The equity based investment principle is followed by the Islamic banks.The contraction of the resources based on deals relating to the sharing of risks, and the ventures of capital is also proposed by the Islamic banking. It has been noted by the economists that economic growth and development of an individual becomes applicable and cushy with the vital role that is played by the Islamic banks around the world. We can say t hat a alliance between finance, commerce, and industry is tried and developed by this exclusive banking system, which differs from the other conventional banking due to these characteristics of its system.The Islamic banking plays its role as an equity-based system, where the pre-determined interest rate is excluded, and the nominal value of deposits is not guaranteed. In result, changing set of the share deposits absorbs the shock to asset position immediately. Therefore, in such system, the assets and liabilities of bank will carry the similar real value at all the points. However, in the more traditional and conventional banking system, a divergence can be caused between the real assets and liabilities by such shocks in the process of fixed nominal value of deposits.Therefore, the abovementioned features of this Islamic banking differs it from the traditional and conventional banking system, and so, various levels of risks are borne by these systems. Nowadays, many countries are toilsome to examine the possibilities of the introduction of an interest-free banking system based on the Islamic laws and principles. It has also been argued and discussed that if the Islamic financial system will be established in the various countries, it will be feasible, but also moneymaking for the individuals, as well as, the companies as a whole.These days, the truth of interest as an unbearable burden is being realized by the Western countries, as well as, the developing countries around the world. In this regard, all the interests have been waived by the Canada. A similar move has been made by the Australia. The suggestion of waiving off the 30 to 35% of the present interests of the debt has been officially given by the President of France. Therefore, it may be generalized that Islamic Banking and funding System is a unique and distinctive system, which differs from the conventional banking systems around the world.In order to make a more detailed comparative view o f the working and risks borne by the Islamic and Conventional Banking Systems, we will try to analyze with the service of process of data that represents the comparison between these two financial systems that are applied and estimable around the world. There are some different and diverse characteristics of the abovementioned two banking systems, which should be discussed in order to clarify the comparison between them. In the Islamic pay system, the number of customers is less than the Marketing-based financing system.The will power of the Islamic Banking is usually taken by the local or foreign individuals. However, only the local shareholders make merry the ownership in the conventional banking system. In the Islamic banking, the integration of different activities is very spunky as compared to the traditional banking system. Lastly, the Islamic financing system has the high intensity of managing and bearing the risk versedly, as well as externally. However, the risk is m anaged and borne by the Marketing-based financing system less internally and externally.Risk sharing is close related to the risk guidance no matter it may be external or internal in its nature. Development of close ties between the customers, and other interest groups may bring the risk exteriorisation by an organization. It has also been indicated by various economists that one contributing factor that is related to the risk management is the long-term relations, which are made on the mutual dependence in an organization. From the different studies related to the Islamic Financing System, the responsibilities are shared by the junior and the senior staff jointly in organizations.In this case, the higher and lower level of management shares the risk. However, in the Marketing-based and Conventional Banking system, the internal risk is shared on a lower basis due to the centralization of power and authority, as compared to the Islamic Banking System. Conclusively, a high horizonta l surface of the sharing of internal risk is characterized during managing the risk management in the Islamic Banking system as compared to the other conventional financing systems. Therefore, there are many differentiation between the Islamic and handed-down Banking systems around the world.Regarding the risk externalization, in the Islamic Banking system, the close lender-borrower relationships are characterized during the lending activities of organizations. The borrowers are also guided by the Islamic bankers apart from lending funds to them. In result, efficient network relationships create the increase of the externalization of risks relating to the partners who exchange in this regard. Therefore, in the Islamic Financing System, the degree of external risk is notice to be high. However, the formal lenders-borrowers relationships are characterized within the Conventional and Marketing-based financing system.In the result, it is a low degree of externalization of risks in thi s traditional banking system. In this regard, the extent of success of a banking organization is determined by the lender-borrower relationships, where the customers are given credit in this regard. Direct contacts with the various customers are maintained within the Islamic, as well as, the Conventional Financing Systems. The differentiation is observed in the Islamic Banking System while traffic with the financial activities, as the borrowed funds are monitored closely by these bankers, which results in the higher intensity of the lender-borrower relationships.In this regard, the risks are borne on a higher extent by the Islamic Banking system as compared to the conventional ones. However, the bank gets the higher profit as we have tried to discuss it in the abovementioned matter. Conclusively, the issues of fairness and arbitrator are concerned in the Islamic principles that are related to the interest, rather than defining the efficiency narrowly. The sharpen is placed on the necessity of sharing the risk in a stable condition with the help of these principles, as well as, at the time of exploitation of the markets.We have also clarified that the Islamic Financing System works on the equity-based projects. However, the conventional ones prefer the debit-based schemes for the lenders and individuals. In an Islamic financing situation, the ownership is shared by the both bank and the client, and in the Conventional banking, all the equity is owned by the client, and the home value plays as a security to the bank loan. We hope that this study will help the scholars and the economists in understanding the role and differentiation of the Islamic & Conventional Banking around the world.Works CitedAhmad, S. (1992). Towards Interest-Free Banking. New Delhi International Islamic Publishers. Chapra, M. (2000). The Future of Economics An Islamic Perspective. Leicester, UK The Islamic Foundation. Dar, A. H. , and Presley, J. R. (1999). Islamic Finance A Western Pe rspective. International ledger of Islamic Financial Services. Dar, A. (2002). Islamic House Financing in the United Kingdom Problems, Challenges, and Prospects. Ahmad, K. (1994). Elimination of Riba Concepts and Problems, result to the Supreme Court Questionnaire. Institute of Policy Studies, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis - Assignment ExampleThe initial search was done in PubMed development the MeSH terms necrotizing enterocolitis preterm breastfeeds formula feeds. The limits set for the search was slope language article only because of lack of understanding of the reviewer of other languages. The search yielded 12 results. subsequently this, google scholar was used for the search. The key terms used for the search were necrotizing enterocolitis very low ingest burden infants preterm breastfeeds formula feeds. The search yielded 130 articles. Abstracts from the articles in the first 2 pages of the search were reviewed for selection of pertinent and reusable articles. Further on, CINAHL database also was used for the search. Search in this database was pursued after logging in and using the search terms necrotizing enterocolitis very low birth weight infants preterm breastfeeds formula feeds. It was found that the articles found in Google Scholar and CINAHL data base were there in PubMed too. From these databases, 3 articles were selected to answer the PICO question and facilitate evidence-establish practice. The gold standard for either evidence-based practice is randomized controlled trials which when performed with optimized research designs that can answer pertinent questions. However, meta-analysis and a systematic review realize topped the hierarchy list and when present, they are preferred to randomized controlled trials (Evans, 2003).According to the Cochrane database, in preterm infants with low birth weight, formula milk is associated with high risk for NEC when compared to donor breast milk. Such an inference was based on the exhaustive meta-analysis conducted by Quiley, Henderson, Anthony et al (2007) in which the researchers reviewed randomized controlled trials pertaining to this topic. It was found that formula-fed infants had a statistically higher incidence of NNEC (2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2, 5.1) when compared to breast milk-fed group (33, 95% confidence interval 17, 100).